এখন সাদা কালো

The crafting of clear, coherent paragraphs is the subject of considerable stylistic debate. The form varies among different types of writing. For example, newspapers, scientific journals, and fictional essays have somewhat different conventions for the placement of paragraph breaks.

A common English usage misconception is that a paragraph has three to five sentences; single-word paragraphs can be seen in some professional writing, and journalists often use single-sentence paragraphs.[7]

English students are sometimes taught that a paragraph should have a topic sentence or "main idea", preferably first, and multiple "supporting" or "detail" sentences that explain or supply evidence. One technique of this type, intended for essay writing, is known as the Schaffer paragraph. Topic sentences are largely a phenomenon of school-based writing, and the convention does not necessarily obtain in other contexts.[8] This advice is also culturally specific, for example, it differs from stock advice for the construction of paragraphs in Japanese (translated as danraku 段落).[9]

See also
Inverted pyramid (journalism)
Notes
Edwin Herbert Lewis (1894). The History of the English Paragraph. University of Chicago Press. p. 9.
Bringhurst, Robert (2005). The Elements of Typographic Style. Vancouver: Hartley and Marks. p. 39. ISBN 0-88179-206-3.
Bringhurst, Robert (2005). The Elements of Typographic Style. Vancouver: Hartley and Marks. p. 40. ISBN 0-88179-206-3.
Tinker, Miles A. (1963). Legibility of Print. Iowa: Iowa State University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-8138-2450-8.
"<br>: The Line Break element". MDN Web Docs. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Kowwalski, E. (3 June 2008). "Peano paragraphing". blogs.ethz.ch.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "Paragraph Development". The Writing Center. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
Braddock, Richard (1974). "The Frequency and Placement of Topic Sentences in Expository Prose". Research in the Teaching of English. 8 (3): 287–302.
com), Kazumi Kimura and Masako Kondo (timkondo *AT* nifty . com / Kazumikmr *AT* aol . "Effective writing instruction: From Japanese danraku to English paragraphs". jalt.org. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
References

কষ্ট ভুলে দেয়

হারিয়ে যায়

Section breaks
Main article: Section (typography)
Many published books use a device to separate certain paragraphs further when there is a change of scene or time. This extra space, especially when co-occurring at a page or section break, may contain a special symbol known as a dinkus, a fleuron, or a stylistic dingbat.

Style advice
The crafting of clear, coherent paragraphs is the subject of considerable stylistic debate. The form varies among different types of writing. For example, newspapers, scientific journals, and fictional essays have somewhat different conventions for the placement of paragraph breaks.

A common English usage misconception is that a paragraph has three to five sentences; single-word paragraphs can be seen in some professional writing, and journalists often use single-sentence paragraphs.[7]

English students are sometimes taught that a paragraph should have a topic sentence or "main idea", preferably first, and multiple "supporting" or "detail" sentences that explain or supply evidence. One technique of this type, intended for essay writing, is known as the Schaffer paragraph. Topic sentences are largely a phenomenon of school-based writing, and the convention does not necessarily obtain in other contexts.[8] This advice is also culturally specific, for example, it differs from stock advice for the construction of paragraphs in Japanese (translated as danraku 段落).[9]

See also

তেমনটাই দেখাবে

কুদ্দুস মাস্টারের কবিতার কাণ্ড

কুদ্দুস মাস্টার ছিলেন এক অদ্ভুত ধরনের মানুষ। পেশায় স্কুলশিক্ষক হলেও মনের মধ্যে ছিল কবির বাস। সকাল হোক বা রাত—যখনই সুযোগ পেতেন, ছড়ায় কথা বলতেন। দোকানে গিয়ে বলতেন,
“একটা ডিম দাও ভাই,
না দিলে মরে যাই!”

লোকজন প্রথমে মজা পেত, পরে বিরক্ত হতে লাগল। কেউ কিছু জিজ্ঞেস করলে মাস্টারমশাই উত্তর দিতেন ছন্দে। একবার বাজারে কেউ জিজ্ঞেস করল, “মাস্টার, পেঁয়াজ কত কেজি?”
উনি বললেন,
“পেঁয়াজ কেজি আশি টাকায়,
চোখে পানি, মনে জ্বালায়।”

সবাই হেসে লুটিয়ে পড়লো। তবে মাস্টার নিজের কবিতা নিয়ে গর্বিত ছিলেন। বলতেন, “একদিন এই ছড়ায়ই আমি বিখ্যাত হব!”

একদিন স্কুলে জেলা শিক্ষা কর্মকর্তা এলেন পরিদর্শনে। ক্লাসে ঢুকে ছাত্রদের প্রশ্ন করলেন। হঠাৎ একজন ছাত্র দাঁড়িয়ে বলল,
“স্যার, আমাদের মাস্টার ছড়া বলে পড়ান!”
কর্মকর্তা বললেন, “দেখি কীভাবে?”

মাস্টারমশাই দাঁড়িয়ে গেলেন, বোর্ডে লিখলেন—
“বাংলাদেশের মানচিত্র,
সবচেয়ে সুন্দর ছবিটা।”

কর্মকর্তা হাসলেন, বললেন, “আপনি তো কবি!”
মাস্টার মাথা উঁচু করে বললেন, “জ্বি, ছড়ার মাধ্যমে শিক্ষা, এই আমার লক্ষ্য!”

পরদিনই জেলার পত্রিকায় ছাপা হলো খবর—
“ছন্দে ছড়ায় ক্লাস নেওয়া কুদ্দুস মাস্টার: অভিনব পদ্ধতির প্রশংসা”
সেই থেকে গ্রামের সবাই তাকে খোচা দিলেও ভালোবাসতে শুরু করলো।

তবে আজও মাস্টার যখন দোকানে যান, দোকানদার আগে থেকে বলে ওঠে—
“আজ কি ছড়ায় চাল কিনবেন, নাকি কবিতায় ক্যাশ দেব?”

#sifat10

How such documents are actually stored depends on the file format. For example, HTML uses the <p> tag as a paragraph container. In plaintext files, there are two common formats. The pre-formatted text will have a newline at the end of every physical line, and two newlines at the end of a paragraph, creating a blank line. An alternative is to only put newlines at the end of each paragraph, and leave word wrapping up to the application that displays or processes the text.

A line break that is inserted manually, and preserved when re-flowing, may still be distinct from a paragraph break, although this is typically not done in prose. HTML's <br /> tag produces a line break without ending the paragraph; the W3C recommends using it only to separate lines of verse (where each "paragraph" is a stanza), or in a street address.[5]

Numbering
Main article: Dot-decimal notation
See also: ISO 2145
Paragraphs are commonly numbered using the decimal system, where (in books) the integral part of the decimal represents the number of the chapter and the fractional parts are arranged in each chapter in order of magnitude. Thus in Whittaker and Watson's 1921 A Course of Modern Analysis, chapter 9 is devoted to Fourier Series; within that chapter §9.6 introduces Riemann's theory, the following section §9.61 treats an associated function, following §9.62 some properties of that function, following §9.621 a related lemma, while §9.63 introduces Riemann's main theorem, and so on. Whittaker and Watson attribute this system of numbering to Giuseppe Peano on their "Contents" page, although this attribution does not seem to be widely credited elsewhere.[6] Gradshteyn and Ryzhik is another book using this scheme since its third edition in 1951.

আমি ভীষণ একা

Typographical considerations
Professionally printed material in English typically does not indent the first paragraph, but indents those that follow. For example, Robert Bringhurst states that we should "Set opening paragraphs flush left."[2] Bringhurst explains as follows:

The function of a paragraph is to mark a pause, setting the paragraph apart from what precedes it. If a paragraph is preceded by a title or subhead, the indent is superfluous and can therefore be omitted.[2]

The Elements of Typographic Style states that "at least one en [space]" should be used to indent paragraphs after the first,[2] noting that that is the "practical minimum".[3] An em space is the most commonly used paragraph indent.[3] Miles Tinker, in his book Legibility of Print, concluded that indenting the first line of paragraphs increases readability by 7%, on average.[4]

When referencing a paragraph, typographic symbol U+00A7 § SECTION SIGN () may be used: "See § Background".

In modern usage, paragraph initiation is typically indicated by one or more of a preceding blank line, indentation, an "Initial" ("drop cap" or other indication. Historically, the pilcrow symbol (¶) was used in Latin and western European languages. Other languages have their own marks with similar function.

Widows and orphans occur when the first line of a paragraph is the last in a column or page, or when the last line of a paragraph is the first line of a new column or page.

In computing
See also: Newline
In word processing and desktop publishing, a hard return or paragraph break indicates a new paragraph, to be distinguished from the soft return at the end of a line internal to a paragraph. This distinction allows word wrap to automatically re-flow text as it is edited, without losing paragraph breaks. The software may apply vertical white space or indenting at paragraph breaks, depending on the selected style.